Of course, there are various kinds of plumbing problems that might arise in your house. Among the different problems, a clogged drain is the most common one. Some of the most common sources of this inconvenience include hair, sanitary napkins, heavy toilet paper, cooking grease, etc. Sometimes these items can be fixed by a cleansing agent or chemicals while others will require manual removal. Your water flow will remain obstructed until the clog has been cleared.
How To Clean A Crack Pipe With Boiling Water
Everyone is guilty of DIY-ing their way out of a minor home issue. A clogged drain might be on the list of things you attempt to work your way out of yourself. If the blockage is a minor one, it might get okay with DIY attempts. But for other cases, it is essential for your pipes and your peace of mind to contact a licensed and experienced plumber, who can come and unclog the drain.
To address one of the most common trends when unclogging a drain at home- is it safe to pour boiling water down the drain? Though you may find mixed answers to this question, experienced plumbers strictly advise against this action. In most houses, there are PVC pipes under the sink- If you have a newer home there is over a 75% chance your pipes are PVC. These pipes have the capacity of withstanding intense heat, but not as high as that of boiling water. The pipes are held together with a glue that becomes susceptible when the boiling water rushes over it. The damage is often not observed immediately but rather progressively deteriorates as time goes on.
Additionally, your own health should be taken into consideration. Pouring boiling water is quite risky as it might lead to a steam burn or scalding. Another thing to keep in mind is what type of material you are pouring in into. If you have a porcelain sink, it is likely to crack due to the heat.
All in all, pouring boiling water down your drain will only cause issues down the road. While you may solve an immediate pain point, the water can cause the grease to move down the drain and stick to the side of the drain. The continuous pouring of the hot water will increase the volume of the grease clog and eventually you will have a problem on your hands and will need to resort to calling a professional.
Purer forms of crack resemble off-white, jagged-edged "rocks" of a hard, brittle plastic, with a slightly higher density than candle wax.[5] Like cocaine in other forms, crack rock acts as a local anesthetic, numbing the tongue or mouth only where directly placed. Purer forms of crack will sink in water or melt at the edges when near a flame (crack vaporizes at 90 C, 194 F).[1]
Crack cocaine sold on the streets may be adulterated (or "cut") with other substances mimicking the appearance of crack to increase bulk. Use of toxic adulterants such as levamisole,[6] a drug used to treat parasitic worm infections, has been documented.[7]
Crack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form,[5] although it is not uncommon for some users to "wash up" or "cook" powder cocaine into crack themselves. This process is frequently done with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), water, and a spoon. Once mixed and heated, the bicarbonate reacts with the hydrochloride of the powder cocaine, forming free base cocaine and carbonic acid (H2CO3) in a reversible acid-base reaction. The heating accelerates the degradation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. Loss of CO2 prevents the reaction from reversing back to cocaine hydrochloride. Free base cocaine separates as an oily layer, floating on the top of the now leftover aqueous phase. It is at this point that the oil is picked up rapidly, usually with a pin or long thin object. This pulls the oil up and spins it, allowing air to set and dry the oil, and allows the maker to roll the oil into the rock-like shape.
Crack vaporizes near temperature 90 C (194 F),[1] much lower than the cocaine hydrochloride melting point of 190 C (374 F).[1] Whereas cocaine hydrochloride cannot be smoked (burns with no effect),[1] crack cocaine when smoked allows for quick absorption into the blood stream, and reaches the brain in eight seconds.[1]
Crack cocaine can also be injected intravenously with the same effect as powder cocaine. However, whereas powder cocaine dissolves in water, crack must be dissolved in an acidic solution such as lemon juice (containing citric acid) or white vinegar (containing acetic acid), a process that effectively reverses the original conversion of powder cocaine to crack.[10] Harm reduction and public health agencies may distribute packets of citric acid or ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) for this purpose.[11]
In crack users, acute respiratory symptoms have been reported, sometimes termed "crack lung". Symptoms include fever, coughing up blood and difficulty breathing.[24] In the 48-hour period after use, people with these symptoms have also had associated radiographic findings on chest X-ray of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and eosinophil infiltration.[24]
The intense desire to recapture the initial high is what is so addictive for many users.[5] On the other hand, Reinarman et al. wrote that the nature of crack addiction depends on the social context in which it is used and the psychological characteristics of users, pointing out that many heavy crack users can go for days or weeks without using the drug.[32]
A typical response among users is to have another hit of the drug; however, the levels of dopamine in the brain take a long time to replenish themselves, and each hit taken in rapid succession leads to progressively less intense highs.[5] Nonetheless, a person might binge for 3 or more days without sleep, while inhaling hits from a pipe.[14]
Large amounts of crack cocaine (several hundred milligrams or more) intensify the user's high, but may also lead to bizarre, erratic, and violent behavior.[12] Large amounts can induce tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches, paranoia, or, with repeated doses, a toxic reaction closely resembling amphetamine poisoning.[12]
Crack smoking ("hitting the pipe"; "puffing"; "beaming up (to Scotty)") is commonly performed with utensils such as pipes ("bowl"; "devil's dick"; "glass dick"; "horn"; "Uzi"); improvised pipes made from a plastic bottle ("Masarati"); water pipes ("bong"; "hubbly-bubbly"); and laboratory pipettes ("demo").[33]
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 increased penalties for crack cocaine possession and usage. It mandated a mandatory minimum sentence of five years without parole for possession of five grams of crack; to receive the same sentence with powder cocaine one had to have 500 grams.[37] This sentencing disparity was reduced from 100-to-1 to 18-to-1 by the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010.
Six healthy male volunteers were exposed to the vapor of 100 and 200 mg freebase cocaine heated to a temperature of 200 degrees C in an unventilated room (12,600-L volume) for a period of 1 h. No pharmacological effects were detected as a result of the exposure. Blood specimens collected immediately following exposure were negative for cocaine and metabolites. Urine specimens analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry contained peak concentrations of benzoylecgonine that ranged from 22 to 123 ng/mL. The peak excretion time for benzoylecgonine following passive exposure was approximately 5 h. The amount of cocaine inhaled by the subjects during passive exposure was estimated from room air measurements of cocaine to be approximately 0.25 mg. The total amount of cocaine (cocaine plus metabolites) excreted in urine by the six subjects ranged from 0.04 to 0.21 mg. For comparison, the six subjects also received an intravenous injection of 1 mg cocaine hydrochloride. Four of six subjects screened positive (300-ng/mL cutoff concentration) following the injection, indicating that the minimum amount of cocaine in these subjects necessary to produce positive results was approximately 1 mg. A second passive inhalation study was undertaken in which specimens were collected from research staff who assisted in a series of experimental studies with "crack" (freebase cocaine) smokers. The research staff remained in close vicinity while the crack smokers smoked three doses of freebase cocaine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg) over a period of 4 h. As a result, staff members were passively exposed to sidestream smoke from crack pipes and to breath exhalation from the crack smokers. Urine specimens from the staff members contained a maximum of 6 ng/mL benzoylecgonine. Only traces (less than 1 ng/mL) of cocaine were detected in any specimen. Overall, these studies demonstrated that individuals exposed to cocaine smoke under naturalistic or artificial conditions absorbed small amounts of cocaine that were insufficient to produce positive urine specimens at standard Department of Health and Human Services cutoffs. However, passive exposure conditions that would result in absorption of cocaine in amounts exceeding 1 mg could result in the production of cocaine-positive urine specimens.
There are some telltale signs it's time for a deep clean. Even if you can't physically see it, there will likely be resin or tar buildup, which is the light brown to black substance that collects after burning flower in a pipe. This is different from live resin, which is a solvent-based resin from fresh plants.
According to Leafly editor and commercial grower Pat Goggins, this residual resin will "make hits harsher, perhaps inducing a coughing fit, and dull the flavor of the smoke." It may also be tough to get any smoke out of the pipe if it's totally clogged, which is a another clear sign you're in need of a clean.
Quick tip: As with anything you use frequently, glass cannabis pipes need to be cleaned to maintain effectiveness, prevent buildup, and prevent any bacteria growth. Experts recommend cleaning your pipe weekly if you use it frequently, or as soon as you notice any signs of buildup.
Note: Water from bongs, bubblers, and from cleaning glass pipes is sticky and resinous, and shouldn't be poured down the drain. You can toss it in the trash in a sealed container (like an old water bottle) or the zip-top bag you're using for cleaning. 2ff7e9595c
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