Object-oriented programming, commonly referred to as OOP, is an approach which helps you to develop complex applications in a way that's easily maintainable and scalable over the long term. In the world of OOP (to create object in PHP), real-world entities such as Person, Car, or Animal are treated as objects. In object-oriented programming, you interact with your application by using objects. This contrasts with procedural programming, where you primarily interact with functions and global variables.
You can also define methods in the class that allow you to manipulate the values of object properties and perform operations on objects. As an example, you could define a save method which saves the object information to a database.
OOP Object Oriented Programming In PHP 7
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We can think of class methods in PHP as functions that perform specific actions associated with objects. In most cases, they are used to access and manipulate object properties and perform related operations.
In the previous section, we discussed the basic structure of a class in PHP. Now, when you want to use a class, you need to instantiate it, and the end result is an object. So we could think of a class as a blueprint, and an object is an actual thing that you can work with.
If a class has defined the __construct method and it requires arguments, you need to pass those arguments when you instantiate an object. In our case, the Employee class constructor requires three arguments, and thus we've passed these when we created the $objEmployee object. As we discussed earlier, the __construct method is called automatically when the object is instantiated.
Next, we've called class methods on the $objEmployee object to print the information which was initialized during object creation. Of course, you can create multiple objects of the same class, as shown in the following snippet.
In the previous section, we discussed how to instantiate objects of the Employee class. It's interesting to note that the $objEmployee object itself wraps together properties and methods of the class. In other words, it hides those details from the rest of the program. In the world of OOP, this is called data encapsulation.
Inheritance is an important aspect of the object-oriented programming paradigm which allows you to inherit properties and methods of other classes by extending them. The class which is being inherited is called the parent class, and the class which inherits the other class is called the child class. When you instantiate an object of the child class, it inherits the properties and methods of the parent class as well.
Next, we've accessed the callToProtectedNameAndAge method using the getNameAndAge method defined in the Employee class, since it's declared as protected. Finally, the $employee object can't access the callToPrivateNameAndAge method of the Person class since it's declared as private.
On the other hand, you can use the $employee object to set the age property of the Person class, as we did in the setAge method which is defined in the Employee class, since the age property is declared as protected.
As you can see, we've changed the behavior of the formatMessage method by overriding it in the BoldMessage class. The important thing is that a message is formatted differently based on the object type, whether it's an instance of the parent class or the child class.
Note: Some object-oriented languages also have a kind of method overloading that lets you define multiple class methods with the same name but a different number of arguments. This isn't directly supported in PHP, but there are a couple of workarounds to achieve similar functionality.
Now you know the basics of object-oriented programming using PHP classes. Object-oriented programming is a vast subject, and we've only scratched the surface of its complexity. I do hope that this tutorial helped you get you started with the basics of OOP and that it motivates you to go on and learn more advanced OOP topics.
Object-oriented programming is an important aspect in application development, irrespective of the technology you're working with. Today, in the context of PHP, we discussed a couple of basic concepts of OOP, and we also took the opportunity to introduce a few real-world examples.
Accessing data from within a deeply nested structure can be a hassle. Values at keys within a PHP array or object can be NULL, and they need to be checked for this case since this can cause runtime errors if not properly addressed. The isset function has helped with this for years, but with the advent of object-oriented programming in PHP 7, lots of data accessing is done via class methods, and those do not play well inside of an isset call.
Pure intersection types were added in PHP 8.1 and they provide an interesting way of strengthening the object-oriented type system in PHP (See Figure 4). When an object that is being passed to a function needs to implement two or more specific interfaces, a pure type intersection operator can be used to combine those interfaces into one type.
Additionally, they can be used for tasks other than plugin discovery, since attributes can be placed on class methods as well. When used in that context, attributes can specify route handlers, event subscribers, and a whole range of other Drupal functionality. Other object-oriented languages like Java, C#, and even JavaScript have versions of class attributes. The addition of class attributes to PHP 8 is further proof that the language is striving to modernize and provide developers with tools to build better systems.
Learn the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in the PHP programming language step-by-step by completing the Kata in this series. Later Kata in this series may include more advanced OO concepts such as PHP interfaces and abstract classes.
For other tasks, your software engineers might opt to go a more traditional route and use an object-oriented language for the projects. Most often, the nature of the project at hand will dictate what type of language you use.
But when the project calls for an object-oriented language, which one should you use? That choice could make or break a project. Choose the wrong language and you (or your developers) will struggle to get anything accomplished. With the right language, everything flows exactly as it should.
OOP was a total paradigm shift in programming because it relies on classes and objects, which is a confusing pair of constructs. To define these, one might say an object is an instance of a class. But just what is a class? Basically, it is a blueprint from which objects are created.
C++ is one of the few languages used to build compilers and interpreters that compile other programming languages. C++ includes the speed of C, with the addition of the basic OOP concepts, which makes it fast and flexible. One of the primary reasons why C++ is so popular is that all operating systems are written with a combination of C and C++. So, without C++, there would be no operating system with which to use C++. In other words, C++ is a crucial language for technology. C++ is also used to develop web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
Ruby uses a very simple syntax and can be easily learned by anyone who has worked with a modern programming language. It has the ease of use of Perl but adds the full complement of OOP concepts into the mix. Ruby is often used for both front and backend development and can be applied to the fields of data analysis, prototyping, and proof of concepts.
PHP has been around for decades and has long been established as the best choice for web applications. However, in recent years, other programming languages have emerged as popular contenders for this space. One complaint is that PHP is low-performance compared to some alternatives.
TypeScript is a web development programming language built on top of JavaScript that extends the latter language by adding static typing. It transpiles to JavaScript and can be used anywhere the earlier language is used. In turn, all JavaScript programs can also be TypeScript programs.
Object-oriented programming is considered to be a modern type of program by many because it adds layers of efficiency, including reusable code and easy maintenance. It is one of the most popular paradigms that has emerged, and many of the most widely used programming languages in the world, including Python and Java, are OOP languages. This is part of why so many large companies use this type of language.
This new book on PHP 7 introduces writing solid, secure, object-oriented code in the new PHP 7: you will create a complete three-tier application using a natural process of building and testing modules within each tier. This practical approach teaches you about app development and introduces PHP features when they are actually needed rather than providing you with abstract theory and contrived examples.
In Learn PHP 7, programming examples take advantage of the newest PHP features, including enhanced password encryption using password_hash. This book takes a learn-by-doing approach, providing you with complete coding examples.
"Do It" exercises in each chapter provide the opportunity to make adjustments to the example code. The end of chapter programming exercises allow you to develop your own applications using the algorithms demonstrated in the chapter. Each tier is logically and physically separated using object-oriented and dependency injection techniques, thus allowing independent tiers that can be updated with little or no effect on the other tiers. In addition to teaching good programming practices through OOP, there is a strong emphasis on creating secure code. As each chapter is completed, the reader is provide the opportunity to design and create an application reinforcing the concepts learned.
The object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm has been around for many years now, although the degree to which it is support varies widely across languages. C++, for example, is object-oriented C, and, as some purists would say, implements more OOP functionality than even Java does. 2ff7e9595c
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